،ةﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺴﺣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءﺪﺒﻟو .ﻚﻟذ ﺮﻣﻷا مﺰﻠﺘﺳا ﻰﺘﻣ ﻞﺴﻠﺴﺘﻟا اﺬﻫ رﺮﻛ .ﻲﻧﺎﺜﻟا ﻢﻗﺮﻟا ﻞﺧدأ .تارﺎﻴﺧ
.ﺢﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ راﺮﻤﺘﺳﻻا ﻊﻣ ﻂﻐﺿا
.ﺔﻄﻴﺴﺑ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺴﺣ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ءاﺮﺟﻹ ﺔﻤﻤﺼﻣ ﺎﻬﻧإ ﺚﻴﺣ ؛ةدوﺪﺤﻣ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﺤﻟا ﺔﻗد نإ
ﻲﻟزﺎﻨﺘﻟا ﺪﻌﻟا ﺖﻗﻮﻣ
ﺖﻗو ﻞﺧدأ ﻢﺛ ،يدﺎﻌﻟا ﺖﻗﻮﻤﻟا < ﻲﻟزﺎﻨﺗ ﺖﻗﻮﻣ < ﻢﻈﻨﻤﻟا < ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟا دﺪﺣ ،ﻲﻟزﺎﻨﺘﻟا ﺪﻌﻟا ﺖﻗﻮﻣ ءﺪﺒﻟ .١
.ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ دﺪﺣ ،ﻲﻟزﺎﻨﺘﻟا ﺪﻌﻟا ﺖﻗﻮﻣ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺘﻟ .ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ءﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺮﻬﻈﺘﻟ ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﺐﺘﻛاو ،ﻪﻴﺒﻨﺘﻟا
.ءﺪﺑ دﺪﺣ ،ﻲﻟزﺎﻨﺘﻟا ﺪﻌﻟا ﺖﻗﻮﻣ ءﺪﺒﻟ .٢
.ﺖﻗﻮﻤﻟا فﺎﻘﻳإ دﺪﺣ ،ﺖﻗﻮﻤﻟا فﺎﻘﻳﻹ .٣
تاﺮﺘﻔﻟا ﺖﻗﻮﻣ
.ًﻻوأ ﺔﻴﻨﻣﺰﻟا تاﺮﺘﻔﻟا ﻞﺧدأ ،تاﺮﺘﻓ ١٠ ﻰﺘﺣ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻲﻓ تاﺮﺘﻔﻟا ﺖﻗﻮﻣ ءﺪﺒﻟ .١
.تاﺮﺘﻔﻟا ﺖﻗﻮﻣ < ﻲﻟزﺎﻨﺗ ﺖﻗﻮﻣ < ﻢﻈﻨﻤﻟا < ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟا دﺪﺣ .٢
.ءﺪﺑ < ﺖﻗﻮﻤﻟا ءﺪﺑ ﺖﻗﻮﻤﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ أﺪﺒﻟ .٣
فﺎﻘﻳﻹا ﺔﻋﺎﺳ
:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا تارﺎﻴﺨﻟا ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﻣ دﺪﺣو فﺎﻘﻳﻹا ﺔﻋﺎﺳ < ﻢﻈﻨﻤﻟا < ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟا دﺪﺣ
ﺐﻏﺮﺗ ةﺮﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ دﺪﺣ .ءﺪﺑ دﺪﺣ ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ ءﺪﺒﻟ .ﺔﻌﻄﻘﺘﺴﻣ تﺎﻗوأ ﺬﺧﻷ – ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ
.فﺎﻘﻳإ دﺪﺣ ،ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﺔﻈﺣﻼﻣ فﺎﻘﻳﻹ .ﻊﻄﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺖﻗو ﺬﺧأ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ
.ﻆﻔﺣ دﺪﺣ ،ﻪﻠﻴﺠﺴﺗ ﻢﺗ يﺬﻟا ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﻆﻔﺤﻟ